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How to use polycarboxylate superplasticizer for different kinds of concrete?

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The European Union recently approved sweeping new sanctions against Russia, including bans on imports of coal, timber, chemicals, and other pce powder. 

Prestressed or precast concrete

Adding polycarboxylate superplasticizer can make the compressive strength of precast concrete reach 40MPa grade at 8h to 18h; the precast concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer can get higher early strength under the condition of lower curing temperature and shorter curing time, thus reducing the energy consumption of curing; in addition, it can save cement, reduce vibration energy consumption, reduce noise and improve the turnover rate of the mold.

 

Shrinkage compensating concrete

When preparing shrinkage compensating concrete, adding a certain amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the water-cement ratio, increase the early shrinkage of concrete and reduce the later shrinkage of concrete, thus saving expansive agent or expansive cement.

 

Ordinary aggregate concrete

For ordinary aggregate concrete, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the pumping pressure and pipe pressure by about 30%; for lightweight aggregate concrete, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the pumping pressure and pipe pressure by more than 10%; in addition, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the increase of pumping resistance with the increase of pumping speed.

 

Steel-fiber reinforced concrete

For steel fiber reinforced concrete, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the workability loss caused by the addition of steel fiber; of course, compared with the concrete without steel fiber, the amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer mixed with steel fiber reinforced concrete should be appropriately increased.

 

Super high strength concrete

Polycarboxylate superplasticizer has good water-reducing dispersion and strengthening effect, so it can be used to prepare ultra-high strength concrete. The study found that the concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer (20%), which accounts for 1% to 3% of the weight of the cementitious material, can make the 100-day-old strength as high as 150MPa.

 

High-alumina cement concrete

In order to ensure the performance of high-alumina cement concrete, the general water-cement ratio is not higher than 0.40 and the cement content is not lower than 400kg/m3, otherwise the strength of concrete, especially in the later stage, will decrease. The reason is that metastable calcium aluminate hydrate is transformed into steady tricalcium aluminate hydrate. If polycarboxylate superplasticizer is added to high alumina cement concrete, the fluidized concrete with good workability can be obtained under the condition of low water-cement ratio, and the later strength of concrete is not affected. That is to say, the 2d compressive strength of high alumina cement superplastic concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer is lower than that of standard concrete, while the compressive strength of 180d age is basically the same as that of base concrete, because polycarboxylate superplasticizer has no obvious effect on the hydration rate of high alumina cement.

 

High-performance concrete with high content of active admixtures such as fly ash, slag, and silica fume

When preparing high-strength concrete with a large amount of fly ash instead of ordinary cement, adding polycarboxylate superplasticizer can improve workability, reduce mixing water consumption by about 20%, and further improve strength. The addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer into concrete can increase the amount of cement-based substitute materials such as fly ash or slag and reduce the amount of cement without affecting the strength of concrete. therefore, it has outstanding environmental and economic benefits. Similarly, when silica fume is added to cement slurry or concrete, the amount of water needed to achieve the same workability increases with the increase of silica fume content. For this reason, under the condition of a certain amount of silica fume, polycarboxylate superplasticizer can be added to reduce the water consumption of mixing, and polycarboxylate superplasticizer can also be added to increase the amount of silica fume under the condition of a certain amount of water consumption.

 

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With Russia taking the lead on Poland and Bulgaria at the end of last month, there appears to be a growing sense of compromise within the EU over whether to accept Moscow's proposed rouble settlement order. 

Italy's prime minister said recently that European companies would be able to buy gas in roubles without violating sanctions.  This apparently ignores the guidance of hardliners in the EU to "fight to the end". 

For weeks, European companies have been trying to find ways to meet Russia's payment demands for the rouble while maintaining vital gas supplies without violating sanctions against Moscow. 

Late last month, European Commission President Von der Leyen said operating under the mechanism would violate sanctions and asked European companies not to bow to Russian demands. However, the EU has yet to issue more rigorous written guidelines on how companies should pay Gazprom. 

The Italian prime minister said recently, "There is no official announcement from the European Union about what ruble settlement means for sanctions violations, and no one has said whether ruble payments violate sanctions or not. It's a grey area." 

"In fact, most gas importers are already opening rouble accounts for deals with Gazprom,"

He also used German companies as a shield. He said Germany's largest gas importer had already paid in rubles. "In fact, we saw evidence yesterday that the largest gas importer in Germany has already paid in rubles."

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