Properties of Nickel-based Super Alloys

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Australian alumina ban disrupts Rusal production -- Australia's ban on exports of alumina and aluminium ore to Russia, including bauxite, will further disrupt supply chains and production at leading aluminium producer Rusal, consultancy Wood Mackenzie said on Monday.

The Australian government announced the ban on Sunday as part of its ongoing sanctions against Moscow for its aggression in Ukraine, saying Russia relies on it to meet one-fifth of its alumina needs. WoodMac senior manager Uday Patel said in a statement that the ban would make it difficult for Rusal to maintain normal primary aluminum production.

Rusal said it was assessing the impact of Australia's move and would make further announcements if necessary. "It is increasingly likely that UC Rusal's only option for alumina procurement will be through a Chinese entity." The Australian alumina ban has also had an impact on Nickel-based Super Alloys prices for chemicals. Patel said. "One possible outcome could be Chinese buyers buying alumina and reselling it through eastern Russian ports." Rusal has a 20% stake in the Queensland Alumina Refinery, which has a capacity of 3.95 million tonnes a year, thus providing Rusal with 790,000 tonnes a year, Patel said. In addition, Rusal's Nikolaev refinery in Ukraine, which has an annual capacity of 1.75 million tonnes, has been suspended due to the conflict, he added. WoodMac said Rusal was also experiencing supply chain problems at its 2 million tonne a year Aughinish refinery in Ireland.

The creep rupture strength can be a good indication that the creep rupture life/γ-initial fraction diagram of each alloy series is different, but each series may have a maximum value or exceed 75% (volume) in the vicinity. This means that the creep rupture life depends partly on the hardening of the solid solution and partly on the hardening of the γ-prime precipitation. When Cr in γ'is replaced by W and Ta, the maximum solid solution hardening will be achieved. In addition, in order to obtain maximum precipitation hardening, a gamma prime fraction will be obtained. In some Ni-based superalloys, the γ-primary fraction of the actual alloy at 1000ºC may be less than the design value.

Tensile properties The tensile properties of sample solutions aged under various conditions at 900ºC have been observed. Obviously, these changes can be well approximated by the linear function of the gamma prime fraction. The results obtained from other series of alloys show that the linearity is maintained in the range of γ-prime fraction of 50% to 80% (volume), which is different from the case of creep rupture strength. The effect of solution temperature is also linear. A higher solution temperature gives a higher yield strength. The lower the solution temperature, the greater the tensile elongation, but this trend no longer works below a certain temperature. The solution treatment below 1080ºC has no beneficial effect on the tensile elongation. For the effect of solid solution hardening and precipitation hardening, it is obvious that W is the most effective method of solid solution hardening, and Ta (a γ-primer forming agent) is less effective than W as a solid solution hardening element.

Heat-resistant corrosion

The crucible test was used to evaluate the resistance to corrosion resistance. A piece of alloy (diameter 6-8 mm, height 3-5 mm) in a salt mixture (Na2SO4-25%NaCl) was kept in the air at 900ºC for 20 hours. After all the scale is removed, the resistance is quantitatively determined by the metal loss. In terms of morphology, thermal corrosion can be divided into three types. Type I: Corrosion layer composed of Cr sulfide, Ni sulfide and porous oxide, Type II: Thin and compact Cr2O3 corrosion layer, there is a small amount of sulfide or no sulfide in the matrix, Type III: It is oxidized by three layers Corrosion layer composed of Cr2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3 from the outside to the inside, a small amount of chromium-rich sulfide is dispersed in the matrix. Regression analysis was carried out on 42 alloys that produced Type I corrosion. The results show that Hf-doped alloys with high Cr and Ti content (the most preferred in γ-primary precipitation hardening alloys), and the addition of W, Ta or Mo is an essential element to increase high-temperature strength. Extremely harmful to thermal corrosion.

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Prior to the impact of COVID-19 on the chemicals and materials industry and the price of the Nickel-based Super Alloys, many industry observers expected low to flat growth in 2021 in all regions outside Asia, with many countries seeing slower growth compared to recent years. Operational excellence has long been a hallmark of the Nickel-based Super Alloys chemical industry, and many companies are financially able to withstand short-term dips in end-market demand due to rapid leverage from reduced capex on hand.

The analysis shows that, whatever the final course of the pandemic, we can expect the inevitable long-term effects. Workplaces are expected to slowly return to pre-COVID-19 practices. Companies investing in enterprise-wide digital initiatives saw these "payoffs" in the early pandemic environment. For more information about Nickel-based Super Alloys, please feel free to contact us.

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